essentialism

1. (philosophy) The view that objects have properties that are essential to them.Examples: "More problematic is the essentialism that interests modal logicians, namely "the view that some attributes belong to an object by necessity whereas others belong to it contingently.""; "Opponents of essentialism argue that "essences" are simply creations of language and culture."countableuncountable

2. (sociology) The view that all members of certain groups of people (such as those with the same race, gender, age, or sexual orientation) have common, essential traits inherent to the defining feature of the group; (also) behavior or statement(s) that reflect such a view.Examples: "A closer examination of the components of essentialism is required for a better understanding of the relation between essentialism and prejudice toward the two social categories of interest in this dissertation, African Americans and gay men."; "Like most of those who use the term, I continue to think essentialism a bad thing, but what exactly is wrong with it? Is it a matter of degree, a question of context or something that must be avoided at all costs?"; "I think we need to sophisticate our understanding of cultural essentialisms, including gender ones, because it might help us deal better with issues of resistance."countableuncountable

3. (education) The doctrine that there are certain traditional concepts, values, and skills that are essential to society and should be taught to all students.Examples: "If a curriculum is dedicated to getting back to the basics, then we can be sure that the guiding philosophy is that of essentialism."; "Arguments of “back to basics” are usually associated with essentialism, and many contemporary educational theorists still suggest that the “nonessentials” should be taken out of the school curriculum."countableuncountable

4. (philosophy) The theory that human beings are by nature (i.e. essentially) good and that evil is the product of society.Examples: "I should also mention that Rousseau's essentialism, unlike many of his contemporaries', is rather limited."; "But they fed what they saw as raw, unguarded essentialism into work that was anything but naive. Rousseau was a naïf himself; his work as seductively strange to the other modernists as an ancient Iberian sculpture or a child’s drawing."countableuncountable